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Lenz, Olaf: Computer simulations of lipid bilayers. 2007
Inhalt
Table of contents
Introduction
Computer simulations in soft-matter research
Biomembranes
Meaning of the mosaicity
Controlling the mosaicity
Computer simulations of biomembranes
This work
SoftSimWiki
Simulation methods in soft-matter research
Maintaining an overview
Obtaining in-depth knowledge
Finding software and tools
Implementing the method
Collaborative online platforms
Wikis
Web forums
SoftSimWiki: A collaborative online platform for soft-matter simulations
Technical fundament: Mediawiki and extensions
Structuring the wiki
Supporting the scientific work style
Lowering the initial barrier
Ensuring the quality
Conclusions
Off-lattice Template Library OLTL
Library Design
Design criteria
Toolbox vs. framework
Boundary conditions
Cell lists
Potentials
Random number generators
Nematic order parameter
Multi-dimensional arrays
Histograms
Parameter files
Conclusions
Lipid bilayers
Lipid structure
Lipid phases in watery environment
Lipid bilayer phases
Temperature dependence
Pressure dependence
Lipid type dependence
Conclusions
Modelling a lipid bilayer
Top-down and bottom-up modelling
Other bilayer models
Bottom-up bead-spring models
Top-down bead-spring models
Molecular models
Lipid model
Nonbonded interactions
Bonded interactions
Solvent environment model
Surface potential solvent environment model
Phantom solvent beads
Bilayer reference model
Conclusions
Simulation details
Algorithms
Simulation runs
Observables
End-to-end vector, chain length and tilt
Bilayer thickness and area per lipid
Chain order parameter and nematic order parameter
Radial distribution function
Density profiles
Structure factor
Conclusions
Phase behaviour of the model
Self-assembly
Phases of the reference model
Transverse bilayer structure
Short-range order
Long-range order
Phase transitions and hysteresis
Model variants
Longer bonds
Longer bonds, surface potential solvent environment
Discussion
Conversion of simulation units to standard units
WAXS structure factor
Comparison of the phase behaviour
Conclusions
Microscopic structure of the ripple phases
Research to date
Experimental evidence
Theories
Simulation studies
Asymmetric ripple structures in the model
Bilayer thickness
Lipid ordering
Chain tilt and splay
Domain structure and ripple repeat distance
Symmetric ripple structures in the model
Discussion
Splay instead of tilt
Explaining the phase diagram
Ripple structures
Comparison to other studies
Conclusions
Volume moves
Acknowledgements
Bibliography
Index