Different approaches to the study of temperament in a cross-cultural frame of reference are discussed. The procedure applied in the construction of the Revised Streleau Temperament Inventory (STI-R), which was renamed the Pavlovian Temperature Survey (PTS), is suggested as an alternative approach. This approach starts with an exhaustive and prototypical item sample (i.e. item universe) for a proposed construct in one culture. But applying identical statistical analyses in the psychometric treatment, parallel tests for mapping the constructs in different cultures can be developed. Descriptive comparisons of the properties of the PTS-versions for different languages, nations, or cultures (Australian English, Dutch, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Korean, Polish, and Russian) are given.