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Kleindienst, Raphael: Radio frequency characterization of superconductors for particle acceleratorsCharakterisierung der Hochfrequenzeigenschaften von Supraleitern für Teilchenbeschleuniger. 2017
Inhalt
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Acknowledgements
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Superconducting Radiofrequency Cavities
2.1 Radiofrequency Cavities
2.1.1 Cavity Fundamentals
2.1.2 Cavity Figures of Merit
2.1.3 Normal and Superconducting Cavities
2.2 Superconductivity
2.2.1 Two-fluid model
2.2.2 BCS Surface Impedance
2.2.3 Critical Fields
2.3 Performance of SRF cavities
2.3.1 State of the art Niobium
2.3.2 Superconducting Thin films
2.3.3 Alternative Superconductors
3 Characterization of Superconducting Samples
3.1 TE host cavities
3.2 Sapphire Loaded Cavity
3.3 Hemispherical cavity
3.4 Quadrupole Resonator
3.4.1 Design Principle
3.4.2 Calorimetric Measurement Principle
3.5 Comparison of SRF Sample Testing Experiments
4 RF Design of the Quadrupole Resonator
4.1 Modes and Field Patterns
4.1.1 Figures of Merit
4.1.2 Parameter Scans
5 Production and Surface Treatments
5.1 Mechanical model and production
5.2 Tolerance Studies and Demonstrations
5.3 Surface Treatments
5.3.1 Buffered Chemical Polishing
5.3.2 High Temperature Bake
5.3.3 High Pressure Rinse
5.3.4 120° C Bake
5.3.5 Coordinate Measurement Machine
6 Experimental Setup
6.1 Helium Bath Cryostat
6.2 RF System
6.2.1 Field calibration
6.3 Thermometry System
7 Commissioning of the Quadrupole Resonator
7.1 Detuning and Microphonics
7.1.1 Dynamic Detuning
7.1.2 Geophone Modal Analysis
7.2 Field limitations of SRF cavities
7.2.1 Field Emission
7.2.2 Superconducting Quench
7.2.3 Multipacting
8 Characterization of Niobium Samples
8.1 Temperature Dependence of the Surface Resistance
8.1.1 Fit Parameters Error
8.2 Penetration Depth Measurement
8.3 Trapped Flux Studies
8.4 Critical Field Measurements
9 High RF-Field Studies
9.1 Comparing Surface Resistance Measurements between Systems
9.2 Surface-Impurity Model
9.3 Modified Density of States Model
10 Summary and Outlook
Appendix A Surface Impedance
A.1 Skin effect
A.2 Anomalous skin effect
Appendix B Measurement Resolution and Bias
B.1 Thermal Simulation
B.2 Measurement Precision
B. 3 Measurement Bias
B.3.1. Non-uniform heat distribution of the RF field
B.3.2 Unwanted Heating of Normal-Conducting Flange
B.3.3 Pulsed Measurement
Appendix C Geophone
Appendix D Calculating the Power Dissipation for various Cavity Types
D.1 Elliptical Cavities
D.2 Half wave Resonator
Bibliography