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Ghasemi, Sara: Cross-section measurement of tt̄γ production in pp collisions at √s = 8 and 13 TeV with the ATLAS experiment. 2019
Inhalt
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Contents
Introduction
Theoretical Context
The Standard Model of Particle Physics
Particle Content and the Forces
Quantum Electrodynamics
Quantum Chromodynamics
Electroweak Theory
The Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and the Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism
Proton-Proton Interactions
Parton Density Functions
Overview of a Proton-Proton Collision
Cross Sections in Proton-Proton Collisions
Top Quark
Top Quark Production in Proton-Proton Collisions
Top Quark Decay
Top Quark Pair Production in Association with a Photon
Experimental Setup
The Large Hadron Collider
The Collider Setup
The Experiments
Luminosity
The ATLAS Detector
Coordinate System and Useful Kinematic Variables
Magnets
Inner Detector
Calorimeters
Muon Spectrometer
Trigger System
From Detector to Physics: Event Reconstruction
Tracks and Vertices
Electron
Muon
Jet
Photon
Missing Transverse Momentum
Data and Simulated Samples
Collision Data
Monte Carlo Simulated Samples
Simulation of Signal Events
Simulation of Background Events
Removal of the Event Double Counting between Samples
Cross-Section Definitions and Likelihood Description
Total Cross Section
Fiducial Cross Section
Differential Cross Section
Likelihood Function
General Description
Likelihood Function for tbart Measurement
Cross-Section Measurement of tbart at 8 TeV
Signal Region Selection
Selection at Object-level
Selection at Event-level
Events with More Than One Photon
Analysis Strategy
Utilisation of Template Fit Method
Definition of the Fiducial Region
Fit Strategy
Theoretical Prediction
Extraction of Templates
Prompt-Photon Template
Hadronic-fake Template
Electron-fake Template
Background Estimation
Hadronic-fake Background
Electron-fake Background
Backgrounds with Prompt Photons
Systematic Uncertainties
Modelling Uncertainties
Experimental Uncertainties
Template Uncertainties
Results
Cross-Section Measurement of tbart at 13 TeV
Signal Region Selection
Selection at Object-level
Selection at Event-level
Analysis Strategy
Neural Networks
Definition of the Fiducial Region
Strategy of Inclusive Cross-Section Measurement
Strategy of Differential Cross-Section Measurement
Theoretical Prediction
Estimation of Hadronic-fake Background
The ABCD Method
Treatment of the Photon Isolation–Identification Correlation
Extraction of Hadronic-fake Scale Factor
Estimation of other Backgrounds
Electron-fake Background
Fake-Lepton Background
Backgrounds with Prompt Photons
Summary of Background Yields
Systematic Uncertainties
Modelling Uncertainties
Experimental Uncertainties
Results
Summary and Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix
Extra Material for the 8 TeVAnalysis
Hadronic-fake Template
Hadronic-fake Template and the Jet Multiplicity
Hadronic-fake Template Re-weighting Using More Bins
Extra Material for the 13 TeVAnalysis
Hadronic-fake Background Estimation
Origin of Hadronic-fake Photons
More Control Plots
More on MC-based Double Ratio
Data-Driven Double Ratio
List of Monte Carlo Samples
Monte Carlo Samples Used in the 8 TeVAnalysis
Nominal Samples
Samples for Estimation of Systematic Uncertainties
Other Samples
Monte Carlo Samples Used in the 13 TeVAnalysis
Nominal Samples
Samples for Estimation of Systematic Uncertainties
List of Abbreviations
Acknowledgements