TY  - THES
AB  - This thesis is devoted to the investigation of the differences between the predictions of classical and quantum theory. More precisely, we shall analyze such differences starting from their consequences on quantities with a clear empirical meaning, such as probabilities, or relative frequencies, that can be directly observed in experiments.
  Different kind of classical probability theories, or hidden variable theories, corresponding to different physical constraints imposed on the measurement scenario are discussed, namely, locality,noncontextuality and macroscopic realism. Each of these theories predicts bounds on the strength of correlations among different variables, and quantum mechanical predictions violate such bounds, thus revealing a stark contrast with our classical intuition.
 Our work starts with the investigation of the set of classical probabilities by means of the correlation polytope approach, which provides a minimal and optimal set of bounds for classical correlations. In order to overcome some of the computational difficulties associated with it, we develop an alternative method that avoid the direct computation of the polytope and we apply it to Bell and noncontextuality scenarios showing its advantages both for analytical and numerical computations.
 A different notion of optimality is then discussed for noncontextuality scenarios that provide a state-independent violation: Optimal expression are those maximizing the ratio between the quantum and the classical value. We show that this problem can be formulated as a linear program and solved with standard numerical techniques. Moreover, optimal inequalities for the cases analyzed are also proven to be part of the minimal set described above.
 Subsequently, we provide a general method to analyze quantum correlations in the sequential measurement scenario, which allows us to compute the maximal correlations. Such a method has a direct application for computation of maximal quantum violations of Leggett-Garg inequalities, i.e., the bounds for correlation in a macroscopic realist theories, and it is relevant in the analysis of noncontextuality tests, where sequential measurements are usually employed.
 Finally, we discuss a possible application of the above results for the construction of dimension witnesses, i.e., as a certification of the minimal dimension of the Hilbert spaces needed to explain the arising of certain quantum correlations.to Bell and noncontextuality scenarios showing its advantages both for analytical and numerical computations.
AU  - Budroni, Costantino
DA  - 2014
KW  - Quantenmechanik
KW  - Quantum Mechanics
KW  - Quantum Correlations
KW  - Contextuality
KW  - Nonlocality
KW  - Sequential Measurements
LA  - eng
PY  - 2014
TI  - Temporal quantum correlations and hidden variable models
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:467-8395
Y2  - 2024-12-26T21:29:45
ER  -