Schulz-Ruhtenberg, Malte ; Schulz-Ruhtenberg, Malte Arved ; Ruhtenberg, Malte Schulz-: Experimental analysis of spatial states in broad-area vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. 2008
Inhalt
- Introduction
- Scope of the thesis
- Semiconductor lasers
- Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers
- Polarization effects in small-area VCSELs
- Pattern formation by tilted waves in Fabry-Perot cavities
- Transverse patterns in VCSELs
- Emission control by optical feedback
- Basic properties of the VCSELs
- The VCSELs under study
- Basics of the setup
- Basic experimental characteristics
- Analysis and interpretation
- Length scales and spatial structures
- Experimental setup
- Experimental observations
- Types and length scales of spatial states
- Temperature dependence of the emission
- Dependence on injection current
- Temperature dependence at constant current
- Uncommon emission patterns
- Details of the billiard-type patterns
- Characteristics of the emission below threshold
- Temperature dependence of the Fourier mode position
- Optical and spatial spectra
- Analysis and interpretation
- On-axis emission and thermal lensing
- Existence region of tilted waves
- Diamond patterns as quantum billiards in the semiclassical limit
- Quantitative analysis of the pattern length scales
- Transverse mode selection above threshold
- The model describing the VCSELs
- Results of the model and comparison with the experiment
- Polarization of spatial states
- Experimental setup
- Experimental observations
- Averaged Stokes parameters
- Degree of circular polarization with spatial resolution
- Emission with small transverse wave numbers
- Patterns with intermediate wave numbers
- Diamond-shaped patterns
- Circular VCSELs
- Characteristics of the spontaneous emission
- Pulsed excitation
- Analysis and interpretation
- Control of pattern properties with feedback
- Experimental setup
- Experimental observations
- Scanning the Feedback frequency
- Polarization measurements
- Measurements with spatial-frequency-selective feedback
- Analysis and interpretation
- Conclusions
- Polarization coupling for a reflection at the laser boundary
- Device structures
- Calculation of necessary device parameters
- Electronic circuit for pulsed excitation experiments