This dissertation investigates the impact of trait anxiety and anxiety sensitivity on emotional and behavioural inhibition in healthy subjects. An aversive fear-conditioning and extinction design was employed to study the influence of trait anxiety on the neurobiology of emotional inhibition using fMRI. A Go/ Nogo-task was selected to examine the impact of trait anxiety and anxiety sensitivity on the electrophysiology of response inhibition using EEG. Our findings emphasize the role of the prefrontal cortex and the ACC in inhibition and anxiety. In the first experiment, trait anxiety was related to impaired fear extinction. Neurobiologically, hypo-activation of the PFC and hyper-activation of the amygdala have been observed. The second experiment yielded enhanced response inhibition and anxiety-related hyper-activation of the PFC. Thus, anxiety is related to deficits in behavioural and emotional inhibition.