This paper is in continuation of author's earlier work on Cuba. It builds upon a similar presentation at the 14th International Scientific Congress held in Havana, Cuba in late June-early July 2005. The eclectic theoretical background for this analysis is provided by the general Modernization Theory and the World System Theory. The focus is on the problems and prospects for the development of science and society in Cuba within the context of interdepentent economic and technology relations in global society. It is argued that the recent experiences of the other newly industrializing non-western societies may be highly instructive for Cuban development planning in the 21st century.