Methods in light optical microscopy developed during the last years allow the establishment of optical resolutions far below the conventional diffraction limit. This has made new areas for the analysis of structural characteristics of subchromosomal complexes accessible. In this thesis, SMI-microscopic procedures for the high precision determination of biological nanostructures are enhanced, adapting this technique to the study of live cells and testing its applicability for such in-vivo procedures.
By using spatially modulated illumination, SMI microscopy achieves an increase of the information content for object structures with dimensions below the conventional resolution. For the implementation of live cell measurements a completely new microscope setup was built and accurate characterisation and optimisation procedures were developed. This implied the integration of different hardware components and their adjustment within the optical configuration. Furthermore, the system properties under in-vivo conditions were determined, by what confiding size measurements up to least extensions of 40nm verified and precise conclusions about dynamical objects could be given. Subsequent, a live cell analysis concerning the influence of destructive manifesting fixation procedures was accomplished.